gastro ./ lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Gastro-oesophageal Reflux, Factors That Determine It And Treatments
By Groshan Fabiola
Gastro-oesophageal reflux is a condition that appears if the lower oesophageal sphincter is abnormally relaxed. Because of the abnormally relaxed oesophageal sphincter, stomach's acidic contents can reflux into the gullet. This fact can also provoke heartburn, and if this happens daily, you must contact your doctor in order to receive medical care and advices.
Repeated episodes of gastro-oesophageal reflux can cause oesophagitis, which is the inflammation of the inner lining of the oesophagus. Gastro-esophageal reflux oesophagitis usually comes with symptoms like a burning or a painful sensation in the upper abdomen or chest, that sometimes radiates to the back, some patients can have breathing difficulties and suffer from hoarseness, and also excess belching can appear.
It was observed that gastro-oesophageal reflux appears especially after eating a large or fatty meal, drinking alcohol, lying down, bending over or bending and lifting. Usually, symptoms occur rarely, but there are also cases when they appear weekly, or even daily.
It is also known that smoking makes the gastro-oesophageal reflux to become much worse.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux can have a great influence in our lifestyle, the quality of our life can become lower. This disease can provoke oesophagitis if you are exposed for a long time to refluxed acid, and also, if oesophagitis lasts for a long time, it will lead to complications. There can appear a scar-tissue that contracts and a narrowing will come in the affected part of the oesophagus. Of course, this is a grave situation, the patient will have great difficulties when we wants to swallow, or he will not be able to swallow at all. He will need immediately medical care, but fortunately, this complication is rare.
The oesophageal sphincter, which is the muscular ring situated near the diaphragm, at the lower end of the oesophagus is functioning as one-way valve. It has the role to prevent stomach contents from flowing upward. When the sphincter is not working properly, stomach acid will flow into the oesophagus. It is not known the exact cause of gastro-oesophageal reflux apparition, but there are a few conditions that surely contribute to this problem.
If the patient has an overweight problem, the excessive fat in the abdominal cavity makes the pressure inside it to increase. That determines the contents of the stomach to travel up into the gullet.
Hiatus hernia is also a problem that can
lead to gastro-oesophageal reflux apparition. The oesophagus remains open because the diaphragm is not closing the lower end, and stomach acid will enter into the oesophagus.
In pregnancy, the uterus increases in size, it presses the stomach ,and the possibility of the reflux to come grows.
You should avoid tobacco, some foods like peppermint, coffee, fruit juices, chocolate and alcohol, and also you must take in consideration that lying down makes the reflux tendency to increase.
Usually, the symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux are obvious, so no tests are needed, but the doctor can perform some tests if he has doubts. For example, he can perform a gastroscopy, or can measure the acidity in the lower end of the oesophagus during a 24-hour period. There exists another method too, used only in complicated cases, and that is called oesophageal manometry.
If you want to reduce the risk of developing reflux, you should stop smoking, drink less coffee and alcohol, avoid high-fat meals, and try to lose weight if it is necessary.
If you do not have frequent symptoms, you can treat with antacids and histamine antagonists, no medical attention being needed, but if symptoms are very unpleasant, and the heartburn is frequent, you must go to the doctor at once.The doctor will determine if there are necessary some tests, or if you need stronger medication.
Usually antacids successfully have effect in controlling the symptoms, but if antacid medication fails, the doctor will prescribe medicines called histamine H2 antagonists, and next , if it is needed, proton pump inhibitors. There exist also a small number of cases that require laparoscopical procedure, where the oesophageal sphincter is strengthened. Article Source: http://www.articlemap.com For more resources about acid reflux or especially about acid reflux treatment please click this link www.acid-reflux-info-guide.com/acid-reflux-treatment.htm
Trick-or-Treating seems to be dead, at least in our neighborhood
I overestimated the number of kids that would show up tonight.
Last year we had three kids.
I thought we would get two kids this year.
We got zero.
I did see a group of kids walking down the street at dusk,
but they weren't in costume,
and it seemed they were headed towards a party at a house down the street.
And that was it.
Great.
More candy that will go to waist.
Sigh.
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?? which is to say brightened up their faces, showed fire in their square or round or curiously slanted eyes. Flame guttered in their toothed mouths. Sparks leaped out their ripe-cut ears. Halloween.?
Harry Houdini,
magician,
escape artist and obsessed with talking with his dead mother and in pursuit thereof,
debunked hundreds of spiritualists and mediums,
died exactly 100 years ago today ? Hallowe'en!
So,
to learn more about his death,
and celebrate it with one of his favorite desserts,
bread and butter custard,
you might want to watch ?The Mysterious Death of Harry Houdini.?
Happy Hallowe'en, everybody!
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Notes on an overheard conversation about an upcoming holiday, part II
?Here you go. This bag of candy cost $20.?
?Twenty dollars for that??
?Yes.?
?They certainly know how to price gouge.?
?Maybe next year we switch to candy corn.?
?You know what I would really hate to get if I were to Trick-or-Treat??
?What??
?An apple.?
?Well, it could be worse. I've heard some people give out dental floss for Trick-or-Treating.?
?Dental floss? If I got that, I'd egg their house!?
?That won't happen. Eggs are too expensive these days.?
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Notes from an overheard conversation about an upcoming holiday
?We need to get some Hershey's Fun Sized bars.?
?We do, huh??
?Yes. With the fun sized bars,
I can sneak one a day.
If it's the big bars ? well ? Katey bar the door!?
?Okay,
I'll go get a bag of Hershey's Fun Sized bars.?
?You don't trust me to get a few bags??
?A few bags? How many kids are you expecting to show up??
?How many do you think will show up??
?Two.?
?Two??
?Yes. So you're saying we give a bag of Hershey's Fun Sized bars to each child?
Here! You get a whole bag! And you get a whole bag!?
?No! I expect there to be leftovers!?
?That's what I'm afraid of.?
?Phththththththth!?
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Can the Robot Exclusion Protocol apply to Gopher URLs?
A month ago,
slugmax wrote a post about
LLMs invading gopher via an MCP server
and now that MCP server supports the /robots.txt standard.
He gives a sample file that should work for Gopher:
User-agent: gopher-mcp
Disallow: /
User-agent: GPTBot
Disallow: /
User-agent: ChatGPT-User
Disallow: /
User-agent: OAI-SearchBot
Disallow: /
User-agent: ClaudeBot
Disallow: /
User-agent: anthropic-ai
Disallow: /
User-agent: Claude-Web
Disallow: /
User-agent: Claude-User
Disallow: /
User-agent: Google-Extended
Disallow: /
There are problems with this advice.
First off,
Gopher doesn't support additional information per a request,
unlike HTTP.
There is no way a Gopher client can identify itself to a Gopher server.
Well,
there is a hack one could use: include a search query when retrieving the /robots.txt file,
but the current Gopher standard says little about how a server responds to a search query on a non-search-query selector.
I mean,
it's probably okay as most servers will (hopefully?) ignore the search query on a non-search query selector.
And the above list will (hoefully?) work for the given LLMs,
but what about a new LLM not in the list above?
How do you learn about those?
Gemini,
which also doesn't have a way for clients to identify themselves,
found a clever workaround: specify a virtual user agent based on the type of work:
archiver for agents archiving Gemini;indexer for agents indexing Gemini;researcher for agents studying statistical properties of Gemini.webproxy for agents bridging Gemini to HTTP;
I suppose one could add llm (or ai) for the current crop of LLM agents to this list.
But this doesn't solve the larger issue with using /robots.txt with Gopher: Gopher selectors are opaque strings:
Servers return either directory lists or documents. Each item in
a directory is identified by a type ?, user-visible name ?, an
opaque selector string ?, a host name ?, and an IP port number ?
RFC 1436: The Internet Gopher Protocol
(emphasis added)
Unlike HTTP and Gemini URLs where the ?selector? has an actual structure,
Gopher selectors aren't defined as such.
They are to be treated as a block of characters that,
went sent as is to a Gopher server,
return data.
In fact,
Gopher URLs aren't even compatible with HTTP or Gemini URLs and have their own RFC.
Gopher ?links?
(because they aren't ?links? in the way that a HTTP or Gemini define them)
contain the type of data to be served to inform the client what to expect.
Because of this,
the Gopher URL has to include this ?type? information.
Furthermore,
a Gopher selector doesn't have to start with a leading '/',
or even have a '/' in it!
So the Gopher URL for my blog is gopher://gopher.conman.org/1Phlog:.
While there is a '/' separating the domain from the selector,
that's it.
The '/' there is required per the Gopher URL RFC,
but it's not part of the selector like it is for the ?path? for HTTP or Gemini.
The ?1? is the type
(in this case,
it designates that the document is a ?Gopher map? which is links to further documents),
and is not part of the selector either.
It just exists to inform the client what to expect.
The actual selector sent to the Gopher server is ?Phlog:?.
And that's the problem.
That example /robots.txt above just won't work on my Gopher server.
An empty Disallow: line explicitly indicates ?nothing is disallowed?.
A Disallow: line of ?/? for HTTP and Gemini explicitly indicates ?everything is disallowed?
(given how /robots.txt defines matches).
I don't even know how one would disallow selectors for Gopher in /robots.txt.
The leading ?/? and type character in a Gopher URL aren't part of the selector,
and in the /robots.txt standard,
all possible matches start with a leading ?/? because all ?selectors? for HTTP and Gemini
do start with a leading ?/?.
If I'm find with disallowing all crawling by an LLM,
then doing a ?Disallow: ? would be fine,
but if I wanted to prevent an LLM from going into certain parts of my Gopher site,
such as gopher://gopher.conman.org/1BlackHole:,
there is no way I could actually specify it.
I can't specify ?Disallow: /Blackhole:? because that selector doesn't start with a ?/?.
And I don't think ?Disallow: /1Blackhole? would work because the ?1? isn't part of the selector either.
The agent can't just ignore the leading ?/?,
because if a selector does start with a ?/?,
then the entry in the /robots.txt file would have to be ?Disallow: //foo?.
And I suspect I'm overthinking this.
I just checked the /robots.txt on my Gopher server and forgot I had this:
User-agent: *
Disallow: Blackhole:
Even though there's a ?link? to that selector on the main page,
no one crawls through it.
So perhaps it's working?
Maybe?
Yeah,
while I think I'm overthinking on this,
I also don't think /robots.txt really can apply to Gopher in a general sense
(or rather?my Gopher server in particular since my selectors generally don't start with ?/?).
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Guess what? Yet another email to a Sean Conner that isn't me
I received yet another email for Sean Conner,
this time an invoice for several art pieces
(for quite a bit of money)
from a gallery in Colorado being sent to a house in Dallas, Texas.
Given that I only have the address of the recipient in Dallas,
I decided I should write this Sean Conner a letter
(old school, on paper, with pen, send via snail mail, just a few minutes ago)
informing him of the mistake and an offer to forward him the invoice if he so wishes.
I do hope he responds and I get to know his actual email address so I can figure out if
- he thought his email address was actually ?seanconner@gmail.com?;
- it was a transcription error and it should have been something like ?seangconner@gmail.com?;
- his email address is something like ?seanconner@example.com? and Gmail handles his email at this domain
(so it's a Gmail bug);
- he doesn't have an email address and just made it up on the spot;
- he messing with me (I seriously doubt this one).
I don't have high hopes though.
I mean,
what would you do if you recieved a piece of snail mail from you
(from an address you have no knowledge of)
addressed to you?
I can see being a bit freaked out about it,
but you never know.
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Notes on an overheard conversation in a parking lot
?It's October! It should be cooler than this!?
?It is. The asphalt isn't as tacky.?
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