gastro ./ lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Gastro-oesophageal Reflux, Factors That Determine It And Treatments
By Groshan Fabiola
Gastro-oesophageal reflux is a condition that appears if the lower oesophageal sphincter is abnormally relaxed. Because of the abnormally relaxed oesophageal sphincter, stomach's acidic contents can reflux into the gullet. This fact can also provoke heartburn, and if this happens daily, you must contact your doctor in order to receive medical care and advices.
Repeated episodes of gastro-oesophageal reflux can cause oesophagitis, which is the inflammation of the inner lining of the oesophagus. Gastro-esophageal reflux oesophagitis usually comes with symptoms like a burning or a painful sensation in the upper abdomen or chest, that sometimes radiates to the back, some patients can have breathing difficulties and suffer from hoarseness, and also excess belching can appear.
It was observed that gastro-oesophageal reflux appears especially after eating a large or fatty meal, drinking alcohol, lying down, bending over or bending and lifting. Usually, symptoms occur rarely, but there are also cases when they appear weekly, or even daily.
It is also known that smoking makes the gastro-oesophageal reflux to become much worse.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux can have a great influence in our lifestyle, the quality of our life can become lower. This disease can provoke oesophagitis if you are exposed for a long time to refluxed acid, and also, if oesophagitis lasts for a long time, it will lead to complications. There can appear a scar-tissue that contracts and a narrowing will come in the affected part of the oesophagus. Of course, this is a grave situation, the patient will have great difficulties when we wants to swallow, or he will not be able to swallow at all. He will need immediately medical care, but fortunately, this complication is rare.
The oesophageal sphincter, which is the muscular ring situated near the diaphragm, at the lower end of the oesophagus is functioning as one-way valve. It has the role to prevent stomach contents from flowing upward. When the sphincter is not working properly, stomach acid will flow into the oesophagus. It is not known the exact cause of gastro-oesophageal reflux apparition, but there are a few conditions that surely contribute to this problem.
If the patient has an overweight problem, the excessive fat in the abdominal cavity makes the pressure inside it to increase. That determines the contents of the stomach to travel up into the gullet.
Hiatus hernia is also a problem that can
lead to gastro-oesophageal reflux apparition. The oesophagus remains open because the diaphragm is not closing the lower end, and stomach acid will enter into the oesophagus.
In pregnancy, the uterus increases in size, it presses the stomach ,and the possibility of the reflux to come grows.
You should avoid tobacco, some foods like peppermint, coffee, fruit juices, chocolate and alcohol, and also you must take in consideration that lying down makes the reflux tendency to increase.
Usually, the symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux are obvious, so no tests are needed, but the doctor can perform some tests if he has doubts. For example, he can perform a gastroscopy, or can measure the acidity in the lower end of the oesophagus during a 24-hour period. There exists another method too, used only in complicated cases, and that is called oesophageal manometry.
If you want to reduce the risk of developing reflux, you should stop smoking, drink less coffee and alcohol, avoid high-fat meals, and try to lose weight if it is necessary.
If you do not have frequent symptoms, you can treat with antacids and histamine antagonists, no medical attention being needed, but if symptoms are very unpleasant, and the heartburn is frequent, you must go to the doctor at once.The doctor will determine if there are necessary some tests, or if you need stronger medication.
Usually antacids successfully have effect in controlling the symptoms, but if antacid medication fails, the doctor will prescribe medicines called histamine H2 antagonists, and next , if it is needed, proton pump inhibitors. There exist also a small number of cases that require laparoscopical procedure, where the oesophageal sphincter is strengthened. Article Source: http://www.articlemap.com For more resources about acid reflux or especially about acid reflux treatment please click this link www.acid-reflux-info-guide.com/acid-reflux-treatment.htm
Roko's dancing basilisk
Obligatory Sidebar Links
I came across a reference to DeepWiki,
a site that will generate ?documentation? for any Github repository.
I can't say I've been impressed with LLMs generating code,
but what about documentation?
I haven't tried that yet.
Let's see how well Roko's basilisk dances!
Intially,
I started with mod_blog.
I've been working with the codebase now for 26 years so it should be easy for me to spot inaccuracies in the ?documentation.?
Even better?there's no interaction with a sycophantic chat bot;
just plop in the URL for the repo,
supply an email for notification when it's done and as the Brits say,
?Bob's your uncle!?
Anyway,
email came.
I checked,
and I was quickly amazed!
Nearly 30 pages of documentation,
and the overview was impressive.
It picked up on tumblers,
the storage layout,
the typical flows in adding a new entry.
It even got the fact that cmd_cgi_get_today() returns all the entries for a given day of the month throughout the years.
But there was one bit that was just a tad bit off.
It stated ?[t]he system consists of three primary layers? but the following diagram showed five layers,
which no indication of what three were the ?primary layers.?
I didn't have a problem with the layers it did identify:
- Entry Layer
- Processing Layer
- Rendering Layer
- Storage Layer
- Configuration
Just that it seems to have a problem counting to three.
Before I get into a review of the rest of the contents,
I'll mention briefly my opinions on the web site as interface: it's meh.
The menu on the left is longer than it appears,
given that scroll bars seem oh so last century
(really! I would love to force ?web designers? to use old-fasioned three-button mice and a monitor calibrated to simulate color-blindness,
just to see them strugge with their own designs;
not everyone has a mouse with a scroll-wheel,
nor an Apple Trackpad).
Also,
the diagrams are very inconsistent,
and often times,
way too small to view properly,
even when selected.
Then you'll get the occasionally gigantic diagram.
The layouts seem arbitrary?some horizontal,
some vertical,
and some L-shaped.
And it repeats itself excessively.
I can maybe understand that across pages,
saving a person excessive navigation,
but I found it repeating itself even on a single page.
Other than those issues,
it's mostly functional.
Even with Javascript off,
it's viewable,
even if the diagrams are missing and the contrast is low.
One aspect I did like are the links at the end of each section refering to the source.
That's a nice touch.
So with that out of the way?the ?documentation? itself.
Mostly correct.
I have a bunch of small quibbles:
- examples of running it on the command line don't need the
?config open if $BLOG_CONFIG is set;
$BLOG_CONFIG isn't checked in main.c but in blog.c;mod_blog outputs RSS 0.91, not RSS 2.0;- ?The system is written entirely in C and does not have Perl, Python or other scripting dependencies for the core engine itself.?
Perhaps true? I mean,
I do use Lua,
but only for the configuration file;
- missed out how SUID is used (not for root to run, but as the owner of the blog);
- the posthook script returning failure doesn't mean the entry wasn't added,
it just changes the HTTP status code returned.
I also found two problematic bits of code when reviewing this ?documentation??one is an actual bug in the code
(the file locking diagram,
while acurate to the code,
made a caching issue stand out) and another one where I used a literal constant instead of a defined constant.
At least I'm glad for finding those two issues,
even if they haven't been an actual exploitable bug yet
(as I think I'm the only one using mod_blog).
In the grand scheme of things,
not terrible for something that might have taken 10 minutes to generate
(I'm not sure?I did other things waiting for the email to arrive).
But one repo does not a trend make.
So I decided upon doing this again with a09,
my 6809 assembler.
It's a similar size
(mod_blog is 7,400 lines, a09 is 9,500?same ballpark)
but it's a bit more complicated in logic and hasn't had 26 years of successive refinement done on it.
As such,
I found way more serious issues:
- Errors aren't classified. Errors are created as needed,
sequentially. I make no attempt to bunch error codes into fixed ranges.
- It missed a key element of the dead code detection?it only triggers if the following instruction doesn't have a label.
- The listing file isn't kept in the presence of errors.
- It also got the removal of generated output files incorrect?they're only deleted if an error was detected on pass 1 or 2,
not if a test failed.
- It repeats the precedence table on the same page.
- I do not have ?Unsupported markdown: blockquote? or ?Unsupported markdown: list? unary operators.
- Oh my God! I can't say how bad this backend matrix table is. It's all sorts of wrong. It's not that it got the supported/non-supported markers backwards,
it appears to have just made up the results! And the same information on another page is bad as well.
Not as bad as the first,
but that's like saying bronchitus is not as bad as pneumonia.
Both are bad.
And it uses a different format for both tables.
Consistency for the win!
Sheesh.
- The example of writing an instruction to the various formats is wrong for the RS-DOS version?the type and length should be two bytes each, not one.
- The output format for
-t is incorrect?it doesn't show a trace of the code being run unless the TRON directives are in use.
- Every example of the
.ASSERT directive is just wrong as it did not use the proper register references,
and memory dereferences need a @ (8-bit) or @@ (16-bit) prefix.
- Where you can use the
.TRON direcive is wrong?it can be used anywhere;
it's .OPT TEST TRON that can only be used inside a .TEST directive.
This,
in my mind,
is a much worse job than it did for mod_blog.
I suspect it's due to the cyclomatic complexity being a bit higher in a09 than in mod_blog due to the cross-cutting nature of the code.
And that probably causes the LLM to run up to,
if not a bit over,
it's context window,
thus causing the confabulations.
I fear that is is meant to be used for legacy code with little or no documentation,
and if it does this poorly on a moderately complex but small code base,
I don't want to contemplate what it would do for a larger,
older,
and gnarlier codebase.
I'd be up to try it,
and I have a code base of 155,000 lines of C code written in the early 90s that's as gnarly as it gets,
but I'm not that familiar with the codebase to feel confident that I can spot all the glaring errors,
much less the more subtle issues.
Another issue are updates to the repo.
The site sells itself as a wiki,
so I suppose another aspect to this is you spend the time going through the generated ?documentation? and fixing the errors,
and then keep it up to date as the code changes.
It's not obvious to me if one can rerun this over a changed repo,
and if so,
are the updates merged into the existing documentation?
Replaced outright and you have to go through fixing the documentation again?
I suspect this generated ?documentation? will end up worse than bad comments in the code itself.
mod_blog has changed drastically over the years,
and while the storage format itself hasn't,
how it works internally has.
There were at least three to four major revisions to the code base over the years.
How major?
One was a nearly a complete rewrite to remove a custom IO layer I had to using C's FILE *-style I/O about 18 years ago.
Another one was removal of all global variables about three years ago.
And for the past year,
I've been removing features that I don't use.
That's a lot of documentation to rewrite every few years.
Overall,
this was less obnoxious than having the LLMs write code,
but I feel it's still too inaccurate to be let loose on unfamiliar codebases,
which I suspect is the selling point.
]]>
|
