gastro ./ hepato gastroenterology
New Information On Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Or Acid Reflux
By Groshan Fabiola
Gastroesophageal reflux also known as acid reflux or heartburn is a condition in which the contents of the stomach flow back into esophagus causing the lower part of the esophagus to become inflamed and painful and the condition in which this occures is known as reflux esophagitis.
Those who are usually affected by gastroesophageal reflux are those that are obese or have a hiatal hernia or scleroderma and in pregnancy.
The exact cause is the disfunction of the the lower esophageal sphincter, the lower esophageal sphincter opens and let the stomach acid contents to reflux. If you are eating very large meals, lying down within two to three hours of eating, and taking certain drugs including diazepam, meperidine, theophylline, morphine, prostaglandins, calcium channel blockers, nitrate heart medications, and anticholinergic and adrenergic drugs you are susceptible of developing gastroesophageal reflux. Alcohol, nicotine and caffeine aggravate the acid reflux.
Symptoms
One of the symptoms in acid reflux is heartburn, others are: painful swallowing, cramping, excessive salivation, coughing, shortness of breath, sore throat. Those symptoms are relieved when you adopt a n orthostatic position. You may also have a bitter taste in your mouth and can lead to reflux esophagitis, esophageal ulcer and Barrett’s syndrome which can further develop esophageal cancer.
Diagnostic
A gastroenterologist will perform some tests x-rays and barium examination, esophagoscopy, biopsy examination, manometry of the esophagus, the Bernstein test which deals with the level of acidity in the esophagus. Esophagus has an important role in moving the food down in the stomach with the aid of muscle contractions, at the lower end there is a specialized
Some musings on the Metric system
I just watched this amusing video ?Why Didn't America Go Metric? Now I Finally Get It? where Busted Knuckle Woodworks goes into the history of the matric system and why the US doesn't use it.
Yes,
it goes into the whole ?pirates stole the metric system from the US? story,
but it also mentions the late 1800s Pyramid Power movement that also put the kibosh on the metric system here in the US
(and one I had not heard and sadly,
such mystical thinking is still very much in the main stream).
And it's interesting that the Imperial System is still in main stream use in the UK.
But one advantage I see for the Imperial System is that it's mostly based on factors of two and three,
like two cups per pint,
two pints per quart,
three teaspoons per tablespoon,
and three barlycorns per inch.
The downside of that advantage is the sheer number of units available,
like drams,
furlongs,
pennyweights and gills.
I don't think it's that bad though.
For instance,
the chocolate ice cream recipie I've been using contains the following ingrediants:
- 1 cup whole milk
- 1 pint heavy cream (or 2 cups)
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- ¾ cup sugar (using 1 cup makes the ice cream too soft in my experience)
- ¾ cup cocoa powder
In the metric system,
you get some really weird values though:
- 237mL whole milk
- 474mL heavy cream
- 5mL vanilla extract
- 150 grams sugar (using 200 grams makes the ice cream too soft in my experience)
- 72 grams cocoa powder
I think the amount for cocoa powder is correct,
as I found answers from 75?95g of cocoa powder per cup,
and as I like chocolate,
I used ¾ the upper value.
I suppose one could get by with:
- 250mL whole milk
- 500mL heavy cream
- 5mL vanilla extract
- 150 grams sugar
- 70 grams cocoa powder
for more ?round? amounts in metric.
I do wonder if such rounding up (or even down) might affect the results though
(probably not).
Personally,
I find the Imperial version easier to remember,
but that might be bias on my part.
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There's a van Gogh joke in here somewhere
Bunny went to the local Michaels Craft store to pick up a project,
and she returned with a small gift for me:
An eraser
(or as it states on the package, a gomme à effacer)
in the shape of a human ear.
And it also appears not to be for kids between newly born and 12 years old if I'm reading the small graphic icon in the corner of the package correctly.
Maybe not for kids less than a year old?
I don't know,
it just has a small kid face with the text ?0?12,?
encased in a circle with a slash.
I ? don't know what to say,
other than ?Thank you!? but aside from that ? I have nothing.
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Notes on an overheard conversation of two people opening a package
?Oh, it's a mug from Sunny Farms, in Sequim, Washington.?
?It's pronounced ?skwim.??
?Pardon??
?It's pronounced ?skwim.??
?So, you're saying the ?E? is silent??
?Yes.?
???
?It's Washington! What can I say??
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Notes on an overheard conversation between a prescriptivist and a descriptivist
?I'm going to the grocery story,
so if you wake up from your nap and I'm not here,
that's where I will be at.?
?No.
Don't say that.?
?You don't want me to go to the store??
?No, don't end your sentances with a preposition.?
?Really?
How should I have said that??
??That's where I will be.?
You don't need the ?at.??
And the next thing you'll tell me is to stop splitting my infinitives.?
?Pththththththththt.?
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Some more notes on the ?wireless service unit?
After much experimentation,
I found out that the ?wireless service unit? the Monopolistic Phone Company sent us to replace the DSL does in fact support multicasting,
although it's a bit more pedantic about it than any other router I've encountered so far.
The address I used to use,
239.255.0.1,
falls into the ?administratively scoped? category of multicast addresses,
and I picked it because I wanted a multicast address that was scoped.
The ?wireless service unit? isn't something I fully control,
so it rejected that range of multicast addresses.
In fact it appeared that it didn't like any multicast address that could,
in theory,
be routed.
Of course it exhibited different behavior with different blocks.
Most of the blocks it would work for just under five minutes,
then fail.
I found this out by writing some very simple programs?one to send some data once per second to a multicast address,
and one to receive the data.
I would run the sender on two computers,
and the listeners also on the two computers.
Both the listeners would receive data from both senders,
and then as they approached five minutes,
they would only receive multicast packets from the sender running on the same computer.
It was only when I switched to using the one non-routable multicast address block,
224.0.0.0/24,
did things Just Work?.
224.0.0.0/24 is categorized as ?local subnetwork? and is not routable.
Sigh.
So now I'm able to use the multicast program I was using before,
since it was always local to my home network anyway.
Other notes about the ?wireless service unit??it's reporting pages suck.
There's the ?event report? page,
which dumps data like:
| No. | Data/Time | SoureIP | DestinationIP | Proto | Reason |
|---|
| 1 | 2025/08/? | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX | TCP | Generic Discards |
| 2 | 2025/08/? | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX | TCP | Generic Discards |
| 3 | 2025/08/? | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX | UDP | Generic Discards |
| 4 | 2025/08/? | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX | TCP | Generic Discards |
TCP and UDP traffic is being stopped,
but what TCP and UDP traffic?
No indication,
and there's no way to configure what is logged.
Lovely.
The other log report is the list of current NAT sessions.
It's more useful as it includes source address,
destination address,
NAT address,
protocol,
port numbers,
and lifetime,
but the table itself is capped to a maximum width,
so making the browser window wider doesn't show more columns.
Horizontal scrolling for the win?
I guess?
Sigh.
The port-forwarding feature is wonky.
On my old router,
I could set incoming packets from the Internet to TCP port 22 to be forwarded to my development machine.
On the ?wireless service unit,?
however,
setting that up means all traffic to TCP port 22 gets forwarded to my development machine,
even on the local network!
I mean ? yeah ? it works,
but it's not public traffic that gets forwarded,
all traffic gets forwarded.
I can work around that but it's annoying.
The ?wireless service unit? has also spontaneously rebooted itself a couple of times.
Not enough for a pattern to emerge,
but enough to be very annoying.
And one time it failed to obtain an IPv6 address
(which shouldn't change in my opinion but then again,
I don't run the Monopolistic Phone Company)
and I had to power cycle it to get IPv6 back.
And I can't shake the feeling that it's doing something to my DNS queries,
even though I'm running a local DNS server ?
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My post about banning a Chinese web bot? Apparently, that was really about me being shadow banned from Hacker News ? which is news to me
Oh my!
This is hilarious:
Developer gets shadowbanned by Hacker News and asks for a real IP ban instead
Sean Conner discovered he's been shadowbanned from Hacker News
and would rather just be banned at the IP level if they don't want
him there. SEAN'S BLOG POST | HACKER NEWS DISCUSSION
Unsupervised Learning NO. 495
I can see how the author might get that from if they only read the headline on Hacker News,
but
(to his credit)
he spelled both my first name and last name correct,
so he must have clicked through to my post
(where my name shows up at the bottom of the page)
but not read the actual post.
Wow!
But given the author writes about AI,
perhaps he had his AI write the summary for him.
Given the two errata he mentions about his previous newsletter,
if he does use an AI,
perhaps he needs a word or two with it ?
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muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter that is tight until the food is above it, then it relaxes to let pass the food and fluids.
This way acids, enzymes and other substances from the stomach do not come up in the esophagus to damage the tissue. It is important to drink milk until the esophagus has healed and you have no more acid reflux. There are some easy to make recipes that may be used during the period of recovery. Proton inhibitors drugs only mask the symptoms, so what I truly recommend are natural and healthy recipes. Acid reflux can be healed with herbs, meditation, exercise and diet, health store items.
Not chewing food properly and eating wrong foods determine the condition known as: esophageal reflux disease. In this condition the esophagus is damaged and the lower esophageal sphincter is weakened, the first thing to do in the healing of the esophageal reflux disease is to cure the esophagus.
The best solution is to continue treatment even if the symptoms are relieved, so as the condition will not return. Article Source: http://www.articlemap.com For more resources about acid reflux or especially about acid reflux diet please click this link www.acid-reflux-info-guide.com/acid-reflux-diet.htm
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![[An image of a pencil eraser in the shape of a human ear] ?'Ere you go! Earase to your ear's content!?](/2025/09/07/earaser.jpg "?'Ere you go! Earase to your ear's content!?")
